![]() ![]() Eventually, main forces met, and Admiral Jellicoe leveraged the dwindling daylight to muddle many of the German Army’s attacks. When Germany’s Admiral Von Hipper ordered 40 ships to move to the Danish coast, Britain’s Admiral Jellicoe ordered a fleet to meet them at sea. The British had uncovered the German’s coded communication methods and used it to their advantage. The Battle of Jutland involved an estimated 250 ships and initially started as a small crossfire between German and British scouts. On May 31, 1916, World War I’s primary naval battle, the Battle of Jutland, took place on Denmark’s North Sea coast. The Battle of Jutland is seen as the battle that changed the course of the First World War. With the death toll from both sides surpassing 600,000, German commanders decided to protect their remaining troops, removing General von Falkenhayn from his position and retreating to safer grounds on December 18, 1916. Despite these wins, General von Falkenhayn wanted even more bloodshed and continued to push forward. Upon receiving approval from higher ranks, General von Falkenhayn led German troops into French territory taking Fort Douaumont, without firing a single shot, and Fort Vaux. On February 21, 1916, the Battle of Verdun began as a direct result of German General von Falkenhayn’s implicit desire to take as many French lives as possible, in hopes of changing the course of the war. The Battle of Verdun was one of the longest battles of World War I. By January, there had been an accumulation of over 500,000 soldiers lost, most of which belonged to the retreating Allied Powers. ![]() Furthermore, the Turkish Army held an extremely strong defense and leveraged their knowledge of the terrain to diminish the impact of this attack. Commanders were unprepared and lacked necessary insight on the hilly Turkish terrain, resulting in hesitant and suspicious Allied troops. Lasting from February 1915 to January 1916, the battle began with the British and French initiating a naval attack on Turkey’s Dardanelles Straits. The Battle of Gallipoli has become known as one of the Allied Powers most unsuccessful attempts to gain the upper hand in World War I. Shocked by this military tactic, the German armies lost communication with one another and soon were retreating in what is now known as the “race to the sea.” Battle of Gallipoli On September 5, 1914, French Commander Joffre and the French Army drove Paris taxis and buses to rush attack German troops through a gap opened by France’s Sixth Army and the British Expeditionary Force. The First Battle of Marne is an important moment in war history as it was the first documented wartime use of motorized transport and radio intercepts. As a result, Germany ended up winning the battle, capturing 95,000 Russian troops, as well as enough guns and equipment to fill six trains back to Berlin. ![]() In addition, German Colonel Hoffman and General Ludendorff intercepted a series of Russian messages that allowed the German Army to set up numerous traps cutting off Russian supplies. This military strategy proved unsuccessful as a miscommunication on the Russian side led to a widely dispersed and weakened Army. Russian General Samsonov led his Second Army from the southwest, while General Rennenkampf marched the First Army through the northeast. On August 26, 1914, one of the first battles of World War I started when Russian troops attempted to invade German territory in a multi-pronged ambush. Throughout the war, a substantial number of battles occurred between the Central and Allied Powers, six of which are essential for understanding World War I. Germany soon joined forces with Austria-Hungary to form the Central Powers, whereas Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Japan and the United States sided with Serbia to form the Allied Powers. Immediately following the assassination, both countries participated in a series of verbal attacks that resulted in Austria-Hungary declaring war against Serbia on July 28, 1914. The First World War began in the summer of 1914 shortly after the Archduke of Austria, Franz Ferdinand, was killed by a Serbian radical. ![]()
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